Train a neural network written in plain Python and NumPy without setting up a full deep learning framework like PyTorch.
Compute exact gradients for a custom mathematical optimization problem written in standard Python code.
Calculate higher-order derivatives for scientific computing or physics simulations where you need derivatives of derivatives.
Wrap existing NumPy-based code to get automatic gradient computation for optimization algorithms without rewriting it.
Autograd is a Python library that automatically computes derivatives of mathematical functions written using standard Python and NumPy code. In math and machine learning, a derivative measures how much a function's output changes when you adjust its inputs, and computing derivatives is central to training neural networks and many optimization algorithms. Normally, computing derivatives requires either doing the math by hand or using slow numerical approximation methods. Autograd takes a different approach: you write your function in ordinary Python, and the library traces through what your code does to work out the exact derivative automatically. It handles loops, conditional branches, and even recursive functions, all without you rewriting anything in a special notation. The library supports computing gradients of functions that take in large arrays of numbers and return a single number, which covers the most common need in machine learning. It also supports forward-mode differentiation and can compute higher-order derivatives, meaning derivatives of derivatives. Installation is a single pip command. The repository includes example code for training neural networks, convolutional networks, recurrent networks, and a fluid simulation, giving concrete illustrations of what the library can do. Optional integration with SciPy is available for users who need those extra mathematical tools. Autograd was developed at Harvard and is aimed at researchers and engineers working on mathematical optimization, machine learning, or scientific computing who want to write ordinary Python code and get exact gradients without extra ceremony.
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